影響叉車軸承壽命的關(guān)鍵因素對于許多的旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械產(chǎn)品來說他們的使用壽命多取決于產(chǎn)品中關(guān)鍵部位軸承部件的壽命。 “免維護(hù)”軸承不是IKO軸承永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)損壞或失效而是指在一定的時(shí)間之內(nèi)不會(huì)損壞。這里設(shè)計(jì)師們計(jì)算了軸承的使用壽命軸承的使用壽命大于或等于機(jī)械產(chǎn)品的大修周期這樣的軸承就可以“免維護(hù)”在機(jī)械產(chǎn)品大修的同時(shí)更換新的軸承即可無需對使用過的軸承進(jìn)行維護(hù)。
The key factor affecting the life of forklift bearings is that the life of many rotating machinery products depends on the life of the bearing components in the key parts of the products. "Maintenance-free" bearings are not IKO bearings that will never be damaged or disabled but that will not be damaged for a certain period of time. Here the designers calculated the service life of bearings bearing life is greater than or equal to the overhaul cycle of mechanical products such bearings can be "maintenance-free" in mechanical products overhaul while replacing new bearings can be used without maintenance.
脂潤滑有預(yù)先在密封型軸承中充填潤滑脂的密封方式，以及在外殼內(nèi)部充填適量潤滑脂，每隔一段時(shí)間進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充或更換的充填供脂方式。此外，對有多處IKO軸承需要潤滑的機(jī)械，還采用管道連接至各潤滑處的集中供脂方式。脂潤滑可做到充填一次潤滑脂后長時(shí)間不需補(bǔ)充，而且其密封裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)也較簡單，因此使用廣泛。油潤滑相對來說比較簡單。經(jīng)常潤滑可以提高叉車軸承的使用壽命。
The grease lubrication has the sealing method of filling grease in the sealed bearing beforehand, and the filling method of filling grease in the shell interior, supplementing or replacing grease every other period of time. In addition, for machinery with multiple IKO bearings requiring lubrication, a centralized grease supply method is also adopted by connecting pipes to various lubrications. Grease lubrication can be filled with grease for a long time without supplement, and its sealing device is simple in structure, so it is widely used. Oil lubrication is relatively simple. Regular lubrication can improve the service life of forklift bearings.
進(jìn)口軸承在工作中允許有輕微的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)響聲，如果響聲過大或有不正常的噪音或撞擊聲，則表明軸承有故障。
imported bearings are allowed to have a slight noise in operation, if the noise is too loud or abnormal noise or impact sound, indicating that the bearing fault.
滾動(dòng)軸承產(chǎn)生噪音的原因比較復(fù)雜，其一是軸承內(nèi)、外圈配合表面磨損。由于這種磨損，破壞了軸承與殼體、軸承與軸的配合關(guān)系，導(dǎo)致軸線偏離了正確的位置，在軸在高速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)產(chǎn)生異響。當(dāng)叉車軸承疲勞時(shí)，其表面金屬剝落，也會(huì)使軸承徑向間隙增大產(chǎn)生異響。此外，軸承潤滑不足，形成干摩擦，以及軸承破碎等都會(huì)產(chǎn)生異常的聲響。軸承磨損松曠后，保持架松動(dòng)損壞，也會(huì)產(chǎn)生異響。
The reasons for rolling bearing noise are relatively complex. One is the wear of the bearing inner and outer rings. Because of this kind of wear and tear, it destroys the matching relation between bearing and shell, bearing and shaft, leads to the axis deviating from the correct position, and produces abnormal sound when the shaft moves at high speed. When the forklift bearing is fatigue, its surface metal peeling will also increase the radial clearance of the bearing to produce abnormal noise. In addition, bearing lubrication is insufficient, dry friction is formed, and bearing breakage will produce abnormal noises. After the bearing is loose and loose, the cage will loose and damage, and it will also produce abnormal sound.
在機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，安裝IKO軸承的部位允許有一定的溫度，當(dāng)用手撫摸機(jī)構(gòu)外殼時(shí)，應(yīng)以不感覺燙手為正常，反之則表明軸承溫度過高。
During the operation of the mechanism, the part where the IKO bearing is installed allows a certain temperature. When touching the shell of the mechanism by hand, it should be normal not to feel hot, otherwise it indicates that the bearing temperature is too high.
軸承溫度過高的原因有：潤滑油質(zhì)量不符合要求或變質(zhì)，潤滑油粘度過高；機(jī)構(gòu)裝配過緊(間隙不足)；叉車軸承裝配過緊；軸承座圈在軸上或殼內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；負(fù)荷過大；軸承保持架或滾動(dòng)體碎裂等。
The causes of excessive bearing temperature are: the quality of lubricating oil does not meet the requirements or deterioration, the viscosity of lubricating oil is too high; mechanism assembly is too tight (insufficient clearance); forklift bearing assembly is too tight; bearing seat ring rotates in the shaft or shell; excessive load; bearing cage or roller fragmentation.
由IKO軸承結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)所確定的鋼度，柔度，質(zhì)量，阻尼等所構(gòu)成的振動(dòng)系統(tǒng)在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)條件下將產(chǎn)生與其力學(xué)相適應(yīng)的振動(dòng)。
The vibration system consisting of steel degree, flexibility, mass and damping determined by the structural design parameters of IKO bearings will produce vibration suitable to its mechanics under operating conditions.
制造加工中的偏差引起的振動(dòng)，偏差越小，振動(dòng)越小。鋼球表面的圓度、波紋度、表面粗糙度是各軸承零件中對振動(dòng)影響大的因素，其次為內(nèi)圈及外圈溝道的形狀誤差及表面粗糙度，再次是IKO軸承清潔度和潤滑劑質(zhì)量等。
The smaller the vibration caused by deviation in manufacturing process, the smaller the vibration. Roundness, waviness and surface roughness of the ball surface are the most important factors affecting the vibration of the bearing parts, followed by the shape error and surface roughness of the inner and outer raceways, and the cleanliness and lubricant quality of the IKO bearing.
運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)條件如安裝條件，轉(zhuǎn)速，軸向所承受的載荷方向，量值等。
Operating conditions such as installation conditions, speed, axial direction of load, magnitude and so on.